Population control is the practice of artificially maintaining the size of any population. It simply refers to the act of limiting the size of an animal population so that it remains manageable, as opposed to the act of protecting a species from excessive rates of extinction, which is referred to as conservation biology.
Factors influencing population control
Population control may involve culling , or manipulation of the reproductive capability. The growth of a population may be limited by environmental factors such as food supply or predation.
* Food – both the quantity and the quality of food are important. The population growth and decline of species depends on the amount of their food availability. The more available food, the more the population grows to meet it. The less nutritious food, the less fertile a species of reproductive age becomes.
* Predators – as a prey population becomes larger, it becomes easier for predators to find prey. If the number of predators suddenly falls, the prey species might increase in number extremely quickly.
* Oxygen availability – affects the rate of energy production by respiration.
* Light availability – for photosynthesis. light may also control breeding cycles in animals and plants.
Human population
planning
Human population planning is the practice of intentionally controlling the growth rate of a human population.The practice, traditionally referred to as population control, had historically been implemented mainly with the goal of increasing population growth, though from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about overpopulation and its effects on poverty the evolution and political stability led to efforts to reduce population growth rates in many countries. More recently, however, several countries such as china, , Japan Korea, Russia, Iran, Italy,and have begun efforts to boost birth rates once again, generally as a response to looming demographic crises.
Types
Three types of population planning policies pursued by governments can be identified:
- Increasing or decreasing the overall population growth rate.
2. Increasing or decreasing the relative population growth of a subgroup of people, such as those of high or low intelligence or those with special n abilities or disabilities.
Population control can be influenced by a variety of factors. Humans can greatly influence the size of animal populations they directly interact with.
Direct human impacts are not the only ways humans can control animal populations. Often times, humans are indirectly controlling animal populations, in other words, the humans are not aware that their actions are controlling animal populations. For example, new infrastructure and roads can lead to animals being displaced from their natural habitat. Their new habitats that they are forced to move to may not provide the same necessities to them that they require for survival. This will result in a decreasing population as a result of human actions.
Wildlife population control
Wildlife contraception is used to regulate populations of animals in the wild and halt reproduction. For example, vaccines are currently being used in deer populations. which was developed by the US Department of Agriculture, encourages the production of antibodies in the sex drive hormones.Specifically, it is said to remove the oestrous cycles from the females, which initially attracts the males; without the oestrous cycles, males are not interested in mating.Another type of vaccine that is being used in deer is called porcine zona by blocking sperm with antibodies on the deer's egg surface.
When preventing reproduction fails to control populations, methods such as lethal trapping, live trapping, egg/roost site manipulation, live-ammunition shooting, and chemical euthanization are used to maintain populations.
Lethal trapping is a method used to kill animals. This type of method is usually monitored in order to ensure no ethical or public concerns arise. While this tactic is most commonly used on small animals, populations of larger animals such as beavers and foxes are also controlled with this type of method.[
chemical euthanization refers to the use of chemicals to cause an easy or painless death and is divided into three categories: acute toxins, anticoagulants and decalcifiers, and fumigants. acute toxins only require a single dose to kill animals, whereas anticoagulants and decalcifiers require numerous doses over time. fumigants are used to suffocate animals underground.[6] while this type of population control method poses ethical concerns, the world society for the protection of animals (wspa) believes it is necessary when human health or the safety of other animals are at risk.[12] to ensure this control method is humane, wspa states that it must be painless, achieve rapid unconsciousness followed by death, minimize animal fear and distress, and be reliable and irreversible.
population control also plays a significant role in managing and controlling invasive species so that they are eliminated before becoming abundant and causing any ecological harm.
Population control is the methodology or the practice used to control and maintain the type, location and number of people that inhabit the earth.
Quality and status of life have undergone a drastic change over a century. We have to thank the improvised and advanced technologies around the world for this. One of the impacts of advanced technology on the economy is reduced mortality rate and increased the birth rate. This has led to one of the most dangerous problems crippling the world today viz. population explosion.
India has grabbed its position among top powerful countries. Lifestyle, status, and economy everything has reached a new milestone. Among this race, the population of India stands first. The population of India is 12 times the population that prevailed during independence.
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